Feminist theory in global politics is a critical perspective that examines how gender shapes power, inequality, and political outcomes at the global level. In the IB Global Politics course, feminist theory challenges traditional approaches by arguing that global politics has historically been dominated by male perspectives and experiences, which has led to the exclusion or marginalisation of women and other gendered voices.
At its core, feminist theory argues that power in global politics is gendered. Traditional theories such as realism and liberalism tend to focus on states, military power, and formal institutions, areas historically associated with men. Feminist theorists argue that this focus ignores how global politics affects everyday lives, particularly issues such as poverty, violence, migration, and access to healthcare. By expanding what counts as “political,” feminist theory broadens global political analysis.
A key concept in feminist theory is the distinction between public and private spheres. Traditional global politics often treats war, diplomacy, and economics as public issues, while viewing family life, care work, and gender-based violence as private matters. Feminist theorists reject this divide, arguing that what happens in the private sphere has profound political consequences. For example, sexual violence in conflict and unequal access to education are global political issues, not merely social ones.
Feminist theory also highlights structural inequality. Women and marginalized genders are disproportionately affected by conflict, economic exploitation, and environmental degradation, yet are often excluded from decision-making processes. Feminist scholars argue that this exclusion weakens global governance and leads to less effective and less just outcomes. Inclusion is therefore not only a moral issue but also a practical one.
There are different strands of feminist theory, including liberal feminism, which focuses on equality and inclusion within existing systems, and critical or radical feminism, which challenges the systems themselves as inherently unequal. Despite differences, all feminist approaches share the goal of exposing hidden power relations and amplifying marginalized voices.
For IB Global Politics students, feminist theory is especially useful for analysing human rights, conflict, development, and global inequality. High-level answers use feminist theory to question assumptions, expand analysis beyond states, and evaluate whose interests are represented in global politics.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is feminist theory in global politics?
Feminist theory analyses how gender shapes power and inequality in global politics. It focuses on marginalized voices and everyday experiences. It challenges traditional state-centric approaches. IB students should link it to gender and power.
How is feminist theory different from other theories?
Unlike realism and liberalism, feminist theory questions whose perspectives are included. It focuses on social structures and lived experiences. This makes it a critical theory rather than a traditional one. Comparison strengthens IB answers.
Does feminist theory only focus on women?
No, feminist theory examines gender more broadly. It includes how masculinity, femininity, and gender norms shape politics. The goal is to expose inequality, not exclude others. IB responses should clarify this.
Why is feminist theory important in IB Global Politics?
It expands analysis beyond states and military power. It helps explain inequality, violence, and exclusion. Feminist theory encourages critical thinking. This is highly valued in IB assessments.
How should feminist theory be used in exams?
Students should apply feminist theory to relevant issues such as conflict or development. Evaluating its strengths and limitations improves answers. Linking it to real-world outcomes shows depth. Balance is essential.
