The growth of tourism is a key topic in IB Geography, particularly within Option E: Leisure, Tourism and Sport. Tourism growth refers to the increasing number of people travelling for leisure and the expansion of tourist destinations worldwide. This growth is driven by a combination of economic, social, technological, political, and environmental factors.
One of the most important factors influencing tourism growth is economic development. As incomes rise, especially in high-income and emerging economies, people have more disposable income to spend on travel. Paid holidays and improved working conditions allow people to take time off for leisure. In IB Geography, economic growth is closely linked to increased domestic and international tourism.
Transport technology has played a major role in expanding tourism. The development of affordable air travel, particularly low-cost airlines, has made travel faster and cheaper. Improved road, rail, and airport infrastructure has increased accessibility to destinations that were previously difficult to reach. These changes have encouraged both short-haul and long-haul tourism growth.
Social and demographic changes also influence tourism. Changing lifestyles, smaller family sizes, and an ageing population in many countries have increased demand for leisure travel. Older populations often have more time and savings, while younger travellers seek adventure and experience-based tourism. Increased global awareness through media and social platforms also inspires people to visit new destinations.
Political factors strongly affect tourism growth. Political stability and safety are essential for attracting tourists. Countries with stable governments, low crime rates, and good international relations tend to experience higher tourism growth. Visa policies, border controls, and international agreements can either encourage or restrict tourism flows. In IB Geography, political instability is often linked to declines in tourism.
Environmental and climatic factors also shape tourism growth. Favourable climates attract tourists to beach and resort destinations, while unique landscapes such as mountains, deserts, and wildlife areas support adventure and ecotourism. However, environmental degradation and climate change may threaten future tourism growth by damaging natural attractions or increasing hazard risk.
The role of marketing and globalisation is increasingly important. Destination branding, online booking platforms, and social media promotion make it easier for tourists to discover and access destinations. Globalisation has increased cultural exchange and reduced barriers to travel, encouraging tourism expansion.
In IB Geography, it is important to recognise that tourism growth is uneven. Some regions experience rapid expansion, while others struggle due to poor infrastructure, political instability, or environmental constraints.
Overall, tourism growth is influenced by rising incomes, improved transport, changing lifestyles, political stability, environmental attractions, and global connectivity. These factors interact to shape global and regional tourism patterns.
RevisionDojo helps IB Geography students understand tourism growth clearly, linking drivers, patterns, and sustainability into confident, exam-ready explanations.
