Global networks are a core concept in IB Geography, particularly within the Power, Places and Networks unit. Global networks refer to the connections between places through flows of goods, services, capital, information, and people. These networks play a major role in shaping patterns of economic development by linking countries and cities into the global economy.
One of the most important global networks is trade. International trade allows countries to specialise in the production of goods and services where they have a comparative advantage. By exporting products and importing what they lack, countries can increase efficiency, generate income, and support economic growth. Participation in global trade networks can help countries industrialise, create jobs, and improve living standards. However, countries with limited access to trade networks may struggle to develop economically.
Transport networks are essential for economic development. Ports, airports, railways, and highways connect producers to global markets and consumers. Well-developed transport infrastructure reduces costs, increases competitiveness, and attracts foreign investment. Cities with strong transport links often become economic hubs, benefiting from increased trade and employment opportunities. In contrast, poor infrastructure can isolate regions and limit development.
Global financial networks also shape economic development. Investment flows, banking systems, and global financial institutions influence where capital is allocated. Foreign direct investment can support industrial growth, technology transfer, and job creation in host countries. However, reliance on global finance can increase vulnerability to economic shocks, as seen during global financial crises.
The growth of digital networks has transformed economic development. Internet connectivity, mobile technology, and digital platforms allow businesses to operate globally, even from remote locations. Digital networks support innovation, entrepreneurship, and access to information. Countries with strong digital infrastructure can develop service-based economies and participate more fully in the global economy. Digital inequality, however, can widen development gaps between regions.
In IB Geography, it is important to recognise that global networks do not benefit all places equally. Core regions with strong infrastructure, skilled labour, and political stability often dominate networks, while peripheral regions may remain marginalised. This uneven integration can reinforce global inequalities and create dependency relationships.
Overall, global networks shape economic development by connecting places, enabling trade and investment, and spreading technology and information. Their impact depends on access, governance, and the ability of countries to manage risks and opportunities.
RevisionDojo helps IB Geography students understand global networks clearly by linking flows and connections to development outcomes and exam-style evaluation.
